Power transmission



Dec.. 15, 1959 c. A. NERACHER E'r A.

POWER TRANSMISSION 14 Sheets-Sheet 1 Original Filed May 9, 1939 @Zal/4.@

Dee.. l5, 1959 c. A. NERACHER ET Ax. 2,916,929

- i POWER TRANSMISSION Original Filed May 9. 1939 14 Sheets-Sheet 2 ATTORNEY5 Dec.. 15, 1959 c. A. NERAcHx-:R ET AL 2,916,929

POWER TRANSMISSION 14 Sheets-Sheet 3 Original Filed May 9, 1939 c. A. NERACHER ET AL 2,916,929

POWER TRANSMISSION 14 Sheets-Sheet 4 Dec. l5, 1959 Original Filed May 9, 1939 /m/ELL/ HUGUST//V d. YROVY DTTEOY W. SGHOTZ.

i) Y ga fg ATToRNEvs Dec. l5, 1959 c. A. NERACHER ETAL 2,916,929

POWER TRANSMISSION Original Filed May 9, 1939 14 Sheets-Sheet 5 ?LLLE. @1.1.

/NL/E/vron. CARL. H. NER/cHER WILLIAM 1'. DUNN TEA/o mvg/.Ll HUGUT//v d. syRovy 07T W SGI-i072,

Dec. l5, 1959 c. A. NERACHER ETAL 2,915,929

POWER TRANSMISSION Original Filed May 9, 1939 14 Sheets-Sheet 6 fag 20,4 A97 NVENTOR (,"IRLl A. NERHHER WILLIAM T. DUNN 9 TEA/0 /A VELL/ f4' AUGUST/N Ley/ww OTTO W. .SCHDTZ.

ATTORNEYS,

Dec.. l5, 1959 c. A. Nr-:RAcHER E1 Al. 2,916,929

POWER TRANSMISSION Original Filed May 9. 1939 14 Sheets-Sheet 7 yf I Tra w. scHoTz.

f3/54 .9,s.l. J al ATTORNEYS Dec. l5, 1959 c. A. NERACHER ET AL 2,916,929

POWER TRANSMISSION Original Filed May 9, 1939 14 Sheets-Sheet 8 H (Q, x

iff

Ei-El Xia; Y? 52' cmu. A. anc/15 E' E El w/LL/AM DUN/v R TEA/o /A VEL/.f

ATTORNEYS.

C. A. NERACHER ET AL Dec.15, 1959 POWER TRANSMISSION 14 Sheets-Sheet 9 Il! lllrfialrfnfflilll.

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Original Filed May 9. 1939 R a 1 N u m som/Y0 m RHDLH m 0R L .C T TETEJS A MN WNW. m wam/w /boom U RLNGT A/EUT "UW-[H0 f Dec. 15, 1959 c. A. NERACHER ET AL 2,916,929

POWER TRANSMISSION V Original Filed May 9, 1939 14 Sheets-Sheet 10 Der:u 15, 1959 c. A. NERACHER ET AL 2,916,929

POWER TRANSMISSION 14 Sheets-Sheet l1 Original Filed May 9, 1939 Dec. l5, 1959 c. A. NERACHER ETAL w 2,916,929

POWER TRANSMISSION Original Filed May 9, 1939 14 Sheets-Sheet 12 @a n.. M

32 -M i www 553% TTBY ATTORNEY5- Dec. 15, `1959 POWER TRANSMISSION 14 Sheets-Sheet 13 Original Filed May 9, 1939 @WMMM4 Mmmm Lm Q QN NN CARL NERH HER WILLIAM T. DUNN Dec. 15, 1959 c. A. Nr-:RACHER HTM 2,916,929

POWER TRANSMISSION Original Filed May 9. 1939 14 Sheets-Sheet 14 OTT Y ATTQRNEY- 2,916,929 ICC patented Dec. 15', 1.959'

POWER TRANSMISSION Original application May 9, 1939, Serial No. 272,734. Di-

vided and this application June 17, 1941, Serial No.

' 31 Claims. (Cl. ,74-368) 'This invention relates to power transmissions and refers'morejparticularly to improved driving systems for motor vehicles.

This application is a division of our copending application Serial No. 272,734, filed May 9, 1939.

It is an object of our invention to provide a transmission system affording improved characteristics of change speed control with a comparatively simple mechanism capable of long life.

Another object of our invention is to provide a transmission afording improved means for changing speed ratios through the medium of positively engaging clutch means having synchronous control for ensuring clutching without shock or ratcheting noise. A further object is to provide an improved system of vehicle drive incorporating both manual and automatic change speed control affording improved vehicle driving functions.

We have provided an improved drive system incorporating a fluid coupling and kickdown transmission so constructed as to provide great flexibility of car control with very little effort such that nearly all driving may be done without manipulation of clutch pedals o1' gear shift levers and at the same time affording flexibility of car control best suited to the changing requirements of torque multiplication and other power transmitting chan acteristics. Our driving mechanism affords improved quietness and smoothness of car operation and facilitates manipulation of the car especially under close traffic conditions.

We `preferably employ a relatively fast axle such that when the transmission is in direct the overall drive is the practical equivalent of an overdrive without driving through gear trains at such time. This is practically obtainable without sacrificing car performance by our improved synchronous clutching means which automatically responds to manipulations of the accelerator pedal for stepping the speed ratio up or down.

With our transmission it is practicable for the driver to stay in a selected speed ratio setting while stopping and thereafter obtain rapid car starting accelerations under favorable torque multiplication and faster ratio boulevard or country drive conditions without operating clutch pedal or gear shift lever.

We have provided a manual selection of high and low ranges in our transmission but in most instances the low range is in the nature of an emergency low and when the fluid coupling is employed very desirable car accelerating characteristics are obtained by manual selection of the high range.

According to the present embodiment of our invention, we have provided a transmission employing countershaft gearing and providing four forward speeds and reverse.

:Manual selection may be made to high and low ranges In one embodiment of our invention we have provided a speed responsive control on the automatic shift means controlling this shift in a novel manner.

Additional features of our invention Aare found in the provision of a simplified remote shift mechanism for the manual control; an improved no-back control to prevent undesired backward car movement; and many features of construction and functional operation which will be more apparent from the following illustrative embodiments of the principles of our invention, reference being had to the accompanying drawings in which:

Fig. l is a side elevational view of the power plantand transmission for a motor vehicle. 3

Fig. 2 is aplan viewl somewhat diagrammaticallyillus trating the power transmission assembly in relation tothe vehicle driving'ground wheels.

Fig. 3 is a sectional view of the remote control hand shift mechanism taken as indicated by line 3-3 of Fig. 1.

Fig. 4 is a top plan view of the Fig. 3 mechanism taken as indicated by line 4--4 of Fig. 1.

Fig. 5 is a sectional view along line 5--5 of Fig. l showing a portion of the remote control shift.

Fig. 6 is a detail sectional view taken as indicated by line 6-6 of Fig. 5.

Fig. 7 is a detail sectional elevational View of a portion of the engine throttle operating mechanism shown in Fig. 1.

Fig. 8 is an enlarged side view partly in section and partly in elevation showing the Fig. l power transmission.

Fig. 9 is a sectional elevational view through the speed ratio changing transmission which is illustrated in elevation in Fig. 8.

Fig. 10 is a transverse sectional view looking rearwardly as indicated by line 10-10 of Fig. 8, showing the transmission portion of the remote shift mechanism.

Fig. 1l is a detail sectional view taken as indicated by line 11-11 of Fig. 10.

Fig. l2 is a sectional plan view taken as indicated by line 12-12 of Fig. 10.

Fig. 13 is a sectional view through the pressure fluid controlled switch.

Fig. 14 is a transverse sectional view through the transmission according to line 14-14 of Fig. 8.

Fig. 15 is a detailed enlarged view of the synchronous blocker clutch or coupling mechanism.

Fig. 16 is a sectional plan view illustrated as a de'- velopment according to line 16-16 of Fig. 15, the automatic clutching sleeve being released.

Fig. 16A is a similar view showing the automatic clutching sleeve in its intermediate blocked position.

Fig. l7 is a similar view showing the parts in full clutching engagement.

Fig. 18 is a transverse sectional view taken as indicated by line 18-18 of Fig. 15.

Fig. 19 is a transverse sectional view through the transmission as indicated by line 19-19 of Fig. 8.

Fig. 20 is a detail sectional view taken as indicated by line 20--20 of Fig. 19 showing the pressure uid discharge passages from the pump.

Fig. 21 is a sectional View illustrating the valving control for the pressure fluid before the engine ignition is turned on.

Fig. 22 is a sectional view of the Fig. 21 valving taken as indicated by line 22-22 of Fig. 2l.

Figs. 23 and 24 are views of the valvingcorresponding to Figs. 21 and 22 respectively but showing the valving positioned during low speed car drive or with the kickdown control in operation.

Figs. 2-5V `and 26 are views of the valving corresponding to Figs. 21V and 22 respectively but showing'the valving positioned in the normal driving range of the car.

Fig. 27 is a detail sectional view taken as line 27--27 tween the engine A and wheels v53.

of'Fig. 20 showing the pressure fluid discharge passages from the valving for passageto the pressure fluid motor for operating the automatically shiftable clutch sleeve.

Fig. 28 is a detail sectional view taken as indicated by line "2S-Z8 of Fig. 20 showing the lubricant supply passage system.

Fig. 29 is a diagrammatic view of the -transmission control system.

Fig. 30 is a view corresponding to Fig. 9 but illustrating arnodiiied Vform of transmission.

SFig. 3l is an enlarged sectional view of the synchronpus blocker clutch or coupling of 'the Fig. 30 mechamsm.

Fig. 31a is la view corresponding to Fig. 16 but -illustrating-the Fig. 30 modification, ythe view being taken as indicated by lines 31a-31aof Fig. 131. i

Fig. 32` is a detail t transverse `sectional view according to' line.3Z--32 of Fig. :31.

Fig. 33 is a further detail 'sectional showin'g at line 33--33- of. Fig. Y31. f

Fig. 34 is another sectional 'view taken 'along line 34--34fof Fig. 3.1.

Fig. 35 is a sectional elevational view according to line 35-35 of Fig. 30 showing the 11o-back control mechanism.

Fig. 36 is a detail sectional view according to line 36-36 of Fig. 30.

Fig. 37 is a fragmentary view of the Fig. 30 transmission modiiied to incorporate a control .between the automatic shift sleeve and the countershaft overrunning clutch.

Fig. 38 is a sectional view alongline 38--38 of Fig. 37.

Fig. 39 is a sectional view along line 39-39 of Fig. 37.

Fig. 40 is a'wiring diagram for the Fig. 37 transmission.

Fig. 41 is an enlarged diagrammatic view of the governor switch of Fig. 40.

Fig. 42 is a diagrammatic view of a portion of the Fig. 40 diagram illustrating a further modified control arrangement.

We have illustrated the principles of our invention in connection with a motor vehicle drive wherein the usual engine A transmits its drive through clutching means B, C within casing 50, the drive then passing through the change speed transmission D and propeller shaft 51.(Fig. V2t) to the differential 52 aud'thence tothe vehicle ground wheels 53 where it isdesired to drive the rear wheels according to present day practice.

By preference, the arrangement is. such that a faster rear axle ratiois afforded than is `generally customary .so that when the transmission is in direct drive, the car is driven in the equivalent of an overdrive ratio be- Our arrangement provides Vsuch conveniently operable kickdown or shift toa reduction drive from direct that the aforesaid arrangement is practicable thereby obtaining advantages of economy, long life and quietness of operation without the disadvantages of sluggish operation especially for city driving conditions.

The engine A has the customary intake manifold 54 and the carburetor riser 55 containing a throttle valve S6 operable by a lever 57 throughout a range between the illustrated closed throttle position vfor engine idling and a wide open position limited by lever 57 engaging a stop V58. Lever 57 is adjusted by a driver operable accelerator pedal 59 pivotally mounted at 60 on the toeboard 61 to swing downwardly against restoring spring 62 to Vthrust through the. system of pivotally jointed links 63,'.64 andconnectinglever 65, the latter being pivotally supported'at 66.

Thelink `64-operates lever 57 through alost motion device D (Fig. 7) serving to normally connect these parts as :a solid .member but1aording thrust of link 64 Vforwardly afterlever 57 .has engagedy its limiting stop 58 to effect the kickdown .controlon the transmission. Thus link 64 has its forward end slidable in guide 67 of finger 68 which is pivotedto the-lower end of lever V57. A spring 69 acts between finger 68 and a collar 70vfast on link 64 and yields only when link 64 is thrust forwardly after lever 57 has engaged stop 58, the spring otherwise transmitting thrust of link 64 to linger 68 without lost motion. A bracket 71 limits separation between the link 64 and finger 68 and closes the throttle valve 56 when the accelerator pedal is released for upward swing by spring 62.

The throttle operating mechanism therefore is such that movement of pedal S9 throughout its normal range will cause a corresponding adjustment in the valve 56 between its limits of fully closed and wide open positions. Vfuen the pedal has been depressed to the wide open throttle position, lever 57 engages stop 58 `and further depression of the'pedal in'its kickdown range of movement for the kickdown transmission control is accommodatedby vyielding of spring ,69 while the throttle valve remains fully open. vOn release of 'the accelerator pedal, springs 69 and 62 both act until collar engages the rear tlange'72 of bracket 71 and thereafter, throughout the normal range f throttle adjustment, spring 62 alone serves to restore pedal 59 and close the throttle valve.

The kickdown rangeof accelerator pedal movement is utilized to momentarily unload the engine of its drive, as by shorting the ignition, and to effect disengagement of the synchronous clutch sleeve for a change in the transmission from direct to underdrive accommodated by unloading the clutch sleeve ofthe engine drive. The throttle being open will cause the engine to rapidly speed up as soon as the ignition circuit is restored, the underdrive being automatically effective as will presently be more apparent.

The lever 65 has fastened thereto a second lever 73 directed forwardly to provide spaced fingers 74, 75 in the path of the actuator 76 of the snap-switch 77 which is a control part of the kickdown mechanism. When pedal 59 moves in its kickdown range, finger 75 throws actuator 76 rearwardly to close switch 77, the switch remaining closed until the pedal 59 is fully released, or substantiallyso, at which time finger 7,4 restores actuator 76 to the Fig. l position to open the switch 77. The ignition circuit, after interruption during kickdown, is not dependent for restoration on release ofthe pedal 59 but is restoredby other means presently described.

We preferably transmit the drive from the engine A to transmission `D through clutch 'means comprising a uid coupling B of the `kinetic type preferably in conjunction with a releasable clutch VC of a conventional design employed to facilitate manual shifts in transmission D and to accommodate stopping the car in gear without tendency of the coupling B to cause the car to creep especially where the idle is set fast (as during winter starting) or where the throttle .is accidently opened.

The engine crankshaft 78 drives the coupling impeller 79 to circulate the iiuidin its'vaned passages to drive the vaned runner 80 ina manner well known for liuid couplings of the typeillustrated. The runner 80 drives the clutch member 81 of the friction vclutch'C of commercial design. Driven clutch disc 82 is fixed to intermediate drive .structure or shaft 83 and is drivingly disengaged by depressing a clutch pedal 84 (Fig. 1) which 'slides throw-out 85 forwardly to operate levers 86 to unload driving pressure plate 87, springs 88 vloading this plate and engaging the clutch when pedal '34 is reieased.

Shaft 83 extends rearwardly into the'housing 89 of transmission D (Fig. 9) where it is formed with a main drive pinion 90`and a set of external driving teeth certain of which 'slidably t internal clutch teeth of the synchronous coupling clutch 'sleeveF so that sleeve AF turns with transmission driving lshaft'83 but may slide rearwardly from'its Fig. '9 position relative thereto.

The drive pinion 90 is hollow and journals,`by a bearing 92', the forward end of the transmission driven strucgarages `ture or shaft93 whichtmay carry apropeller shaft brake drum 94 having the braking mechanism generally designated at 95 operably associated therewith. The drive pinion 90 is continuously meshed with a gear 96 for driving the countershaft cluster 97 rotatable on a countershaft support 98. The cluster 97 has a forward extension 99 journalled at 100 within gear 96 and between these parts 99 and 96 there is provided an overrunning clutch G (Figs. 9 and 14). The usual speedometer drive gears are shown at 100a xed to shaft 93 and 100h for driving the speedometer cable.

The clutch G comprises a driving cylinder clutching member 101 formed within gear 96, and an inner driven cammed member 102 formed on extension 99. Rollers 103 are disposed between clutch members 101 and 102 such that these rollers are wedged to clutch these members together when the gear 96 tends to rotate faster than extension 99 in the direction of forward drive of the car while allowing the extension 99 to freely overrun gear 96. Assumingthe usual clockwise direction of driving shaft 83, when looking from the front to the rear, then clutch G engages when as viewed in Fig. 14 the gear 96 tends to rotate clockwise faster than extension 99. A cage 104 positions the rollers 103 in proper spacing, a spring 105 yieldingly urging the rollers in the direction of their engagement as is customary in overrunning clutches.

The cluster 97 is further formed with reduction gears 106, 107 and reverse gear 10S, these three countershaft gears being of relatively decreasing diameter in the order mentioned. Gear 106 is in constant mesh with a gear 109 which is freely journalled on driven shaft 93. This gear has a forward extension formed with a set of external clutch teeth 110, 110*l and a friction cone clutch member 111, the gear having a rear extension also formed with a set of clutch teeth 112 and friction cone clutch member 113. Teeth 110 are relatively long and alternate with relatively short teeth 110B.

The gear 107 is constantly meshed with a low speed gear 114 freely journalled on driven shaft 93 and having a forward extension likewise formed with clutch teeth 115 and cone clutch member 116. The reverse gear 108 is adapted to mesh with a reverse idler gear 117 (Figs. and 11) when the latter is slid forwardly on its countershaft 118. At such time the idler 117 also meshes with a gear 119 fixed on the driven shaft 93.

The arrangement is such that shaft 93 may be selectively clutched at the will of the driver with gears 114 and 109, the control comprising a manual remote shift. The operation of clutch sleeve F is, on the other hand, automatic in its operation of clutching driving shaft 83 with gear 109 or disconnecting these parts. The manual clutching control comprises the following mechanism.

Fixed to driven shaft 93 is a hub 120 (Figs. 9 and 19) formed with external teeth 121 slidably engaged with the internal teeth 122 of the shiftable clutch sleeve H adapted for forward and rearward shift by a yoke 123 fixed to a longitudinally extending shift rail 124 disposed to one side of shaft 93 adjacent the side opening 125 of casing 89.

Synchronizing blocker rings 126, 127 are respectively disposed between gears 109, 114 and hub 120 and are driven with hub 120 with slight rotative clearance. r'hese blockers have cammed teeth 128, 129 having a pitch circle the same as that of sleeve teeth 122 and teeth 112 and 115 and they are adapted to frictionally engage the clutching members 113 and 116 respectively. If desired, energizing springs 130 may be provided between Ithe blockers to lightly urge them into engagement with cones 113 and 116 respectively so that the blocker teeth 128, 129 are misaligned with the sleeve teeth 122 thereby preventing shift of sleeve H as long as the parts to be clutched are rotating at different speeds. The synchronizing blocker rings are more fully described and 6 claimed in the copending application of O. E. Fishburn, Serial No. 180,840, filled December 20, 1937.

When sleeve H is moved forwardly, teeth 122 engage the cammed ends of blocker teeth 128 thereby urging the blocker under pressure engagement with cone 113 to synchronize gear 109 with shaft 93 (clutch C being released during manual shift of sleeve H to facilitate the clutching action). Then the blocker 126 will rotate slightly relative to hub 129 to permit the sleeve teeth 122 to pass through blocker teeth 128 to engage teeth 112 to positively cltrtch shaft 93 with gear 109. The rearward shift of sleeve H -to clutch with teeth of gear 114 is synchronously effected under control of blocker 127 in the same manner.

The yoke 123 is provided with a boss 131 below rail 124 (Figs. 10 and 11), this boss having a slot 132 adapted to be engaged by an inwardly extending pin 133 carried by a lever 134. This lever has a lower end 135 adapted to engage a slot 136 of a yoke 137 fixed to the reverse shift rail 138 parallel to and below rail 124. The yoke 137 engages the collar portion 139 of the shiftable reverse idler gear 117. Rails 124 and 138 are interlocked by plunger 140 to prevent their simultaneous displacement.

Lever 134 is supported between its ends by a pin 141 parallel to and above rail 124, this pin being carried by the yoked inner end 142 of a shaft 143 rotatably mounted in the boss 144 of a cover 145 secured by fasteners 146 .to the opening 125 of casing S9. The shaft 143 has its axis extending across the axis of movement of the rails 124 and 138 and has a lever 147 fixed to its outer end outside of the cover 145. A spring 148` reacts on shaft 143 and yieldingly urges lever 134 clockwise (Fig. 10) about pin 141 tending to maintain pin 133 engaged in slot 132, and end 13-5 free from slot 136. A spring pressed ball detent 149 yieldingly maintains rail 124 in neutral, forwardly (to clutch sleeve H with teeth 112) or rearwardly (to clutch sleeve H with teeth 115) by engagement of this ball detent with the rail recesses 150, 151 and 152 respectively. The reverse rail 138 has neutral and reverse positioning recesses 153, 154 respectively engaged selectively by `a spring pressed ball detent 155 (shown in Fig.

The upper end of lever 134 has a wide face 156 engageable with the inner end of a plunger 157 slidable inwardly through cover 145 by a Bowden wire operating mechanism 158. When the wire 158 is pushed, the plunger 157 engages lever face 156 to swing the lever 134 so that the end 135 engages slot 136 while pin 133 disengages slot 132. In such position, the shaft 143 may be rotated to shift rail 138 to mesh reverse idler 117 with gears 108 and 119 for the reverse drive. The plunger 157 maintains a sliding engagement with lever face 156 during this rotation of shaft 143. The remote control mechanism for effecting control o-f lever 147 and Bowden wire 158 will now be described (Figs. 1 and 3-6).

The fixed steering post 159 houses the usual steering shaft 160 operated by hand steering wheel 161. Rotatab'ly journalled within post 159 is a hollow shaft assembly 162 connected by pivot pins 163 with the yoked inner end 164- of the manually operable selector element or shift lever 165 which extends outwardly through an arcuate opening 166 formed in the head 167 xed to post 159. Movement of lever 165 fore and aft about the axis of shaft 1612 will oscillate this shaft while movement of the lever up and down will rock the lever about a fulcrum 158 to cause reciprocation of shaft 162 in the direction of its axis.

At the lower end of shaft 162 there is a lever 169 xed thereto, this lever having an intermediate wide face portion 170 always engaged by the upper end of a plunger 171 xed to the forward end of Bowden wire 158. A spring 172 operates to yieldingly urge plunger 171 engaged with the lower surface of portion 170 and plunger 157 positioned as in Fig. 10 free of lever face 156. A link 173 has its forward end pivotally engaged with the outer end of lever 169, the rear end of this link being connected with a bell crank lever 174 mounted on engine A at 175. The bell crank operates a second link l176 which has articulated connection with lever 147.

In order to shift sleeve H with the teeth 115 of the low speed drive gear 114, the operator disengages the main clutch C by depressing pedal 84, and then swings lever 165 forwardly or counterclockwise from neutral as viewed in Fig. 4. This pushes the lever 147 for rearward swinging movement serving to shift rail and sleeve H rearwardly. Pedal 84 is then released for the low drive. Shiftrof lever 165 rearwardly will slide rail 124 and sleeve H forwardly to clutch with the teeth 112 of the gear 109 to obtain the third speed ratio of the four available forward speeds.

In order to effect the reverse drive, the lever 165 is first rocked upwardly in neutral to thereby push downwardly through shaft 162 to cause lever portion 170 to operate through the Bowden Wire 158 to swing lever 134 to engage lever end 135 with slot 136. Then the lever 165 is shifted rearwardly to cause lever 147 to rock the lever 134 to effect forward shift of rail 138 and idler 117 into mesh with gears 108 and 119. The clutch C is preferably released to effect manual shifts of sleeve H and reverse idler 117.

Blocking means is provided to limit rearward shift of clutch sleeve F whenever shaft 83 and gear 109 are rotating at different speeds, the blocking action being such that the sleeve F will clutch only when the engine is coasting. The details of the blocking means is best shown in Figs. -18, vthe arrangement providing improved blocker action with ample clearance at the blocker teeth without excess backlash when sleeve F is fully clutched with teeth 110, 1109. v

The rear end of shaft 83 beyond pinion 90 is externally toothed, every other tooth being cut away, to provide spaces 177 between driving teeth 178. The clutch sleeve F has internal teeth formed in a repeating pattern best shown in Figs. 16, 16A and 17. Every sixth tooth 179 is relatively long and engages one of the teeth 178. Spaced equally between each pair of adjacent teeth 179 is a tooth 180 also engaging a tooth 178. The teeth 180 are cut back at their rear ends so that they are of somewhat less length than the teeth 179. Between adjacent pairs of teeth 179, 180 are the blocked teeth 181, 181e. These teeth have at least one of their side faces in sliding engagement with a tooth 178. The pairs of teeth 181, 181a are spaced apart to receive the blocker teeth therebetween. The teeth 181av are longer than teeth 181 and their rear ends are preferably cammed or bevelled at 183 so that the high portion of their rear faces forms the advancing portion of these teeth with respect to the forward direction of rotation. Therefore one tooth 181*a4 of each pair of blocker-engaging teeth 181, 181a extends rearwardly axially beyond the other tooth 181 of such pair so that for convenience of reference teeth 181a may be said to be longer than teeth 181 although obviously the forward ends of teeth 181 and 181a may not be circumferentially aligned.

A blocker synchronizing ring 184 lies between the gears 109 and 90 and comprises a friction cup clutching surface 185 which may be formed as a fine thread as disclosed in the aforesaid Fishburn application, or plain if desired, to engage the surface of cone 111 to obtain the blocker action. The blocker ring is formed at its rear end with upstanding blocker teeth 186 having cammed or bevelled forwardly directed end portions 187 (when teeth 181a are bevelled at 183) and at portions 187a respectively engageable with the cams 183 and flat ends of sleeve teeth 181a and 181. The blocker ring rotates with the driving shaft 83 and sleeve F with relative rotation accommodated so that blocker teeth may move between the solid line and dotted line showing 186 in Fig. 16 at which times the blocker teeth are axially aligned with blocker teeth 181Nand 181a respectively.

The-blocker ring drive is provided by a plurality of upstanding lugs 188 formed as a part of ring 184. `Ordinarily two lugs are sufficient, disposed at diametrically opposite points. The rear edge of the driving shaft is cut or notchedrat 189 to receive a lug 188 with suicient clearance circumferentially to allow the blocker teeth 186 to rotateV relative to the sleeve teeth within the aforesaid limits. A plurality of light springs 190 may be provided between the driving shaft 83 and blocker ring 184 to urge the blocker surface lightly into frictional engagement with cone 111 so that the blocker ring tends to rotate Vwith gear 109.

the speeds of shaftv83 and gear 109 are different from each other, the blocker ring-184 will move into position to block rearward shift of sleeve F. In Fig. 16, the sleeve F is in its disengaged forward position, the blocker ring tending to lag behind the driving shaft 83 and sleeve F which is thecondition when the gear 109 is rotating slower than the driving shaft and when the sleeve is not urged rearwardly. When gear v109 rotates faster than vthe driving shaft, as when the engine coasts, then the friction drag at `cone 111 drags the blocker ring rotatably forwardly (clockwise looking front to rear) ahead of the driving shaft until the lugs 188 engage the ends of slots 189 opposite to end engaged in the Fig. 16 showing. At

this time the blocker teeth are at position 186'. In either `instance rearward ,shift of sleeve F is blocked by the blocker teeth l186.

The arrangement is such that the sleeve teeth 181,181a will not shift rearwardly ofthe blocker teeth 186 except when the engine and sleeve are coasting. Therefore, whenever the engine is driving the car and the sleeve F shifts rearwardly, the sleeve will be blocked against ratcheting with teeth 110, e. Furthermore,- yclutching of sleeve F is limited to coasting down of the engine to synchronism with teeth 110, 110a from a condition where the engine and sleeve F were rotating faster than the teeth 110, 110e. 1 p .Y K

The means for urging sleevevF rearwardly will be presently described. However, let us assume at this time that a force is applied rearwardly to sleeve F whilethe sleeve is in the Fig. 16 position of release. `Several conditions may. arise depending on whether the engine is driving or coasting. Let us first assume that sleeve F is urged rearwardly while the engine is driving the car in a reduction drive ratio as when the driving shaft.v 83 and sleeve F are rotating forwardly faster than gear 109. Under such conditions the blocker 184 will la-gV sleeve and the blocker teeth 186 and lugs 188 will be positioned as in Fig. 16 (solid lines). i Now as the sleeve F moves rearwardly, the teeth 181 will strike teeth 186 and further shift of the sleeve will be blocked as long as the engine continues to drive in this relationship. This condition is shown in Fig. 16A which may be said to represent an intermediate or blocked position of the sleeve at the time that the sleeve is rotating faster than gear 109.' If now the accelerator pedal is released to allow the engine to coast, while gear 109 continues to freely rotate, the sleeve F will rapidly slow down until it synchronizes with gear 109. Then, as the sleeve starts to drop below the speed of gear 109, the blocker 184 will rotate with this gear and the sleeve will lag the blocker by an amount equal to half the total travel of lugs 188 which total travel is from the solid line position to the dotted position 188 of Fig. 16. The half travel is indicated by the position of lugs 188 in Fig. 17. This is necessarily so because of the long teeth 181a the rear ends of which (Fig. IGA) axially overlay the blocker teeth 186 so that the sleeve lags only until these teeth 181a strike the sides of the blocker teeth at this approximately synchronized condition between the sleeve F and gear 109. As soon as this condition is reached the sleeve F moves rearwardly so that the blocker teeth 186 pass between adjacent teeth 181, 181a and the long teeth 179 will each enter a space between the long aanwas teeth 110 so as to glance olf a short tooth 110th The short teeth 110B in conjunction with long teeth 179 insures initial clutching of the sleeve F and gear 109 on the coast and furthermore provides for an initial clutching without shock, jar or damage to the clutching parts or other parts of the car mechanism; the engagement is also so smooth as not to jolt the car occupants. Thus, the long teeth 179 are caught between pairs of adjacent long teeth 110 for initial clutching and short teeth 110a afford additional drive contact with the sleeve when fully clutched (Fig. 17) and also serve to cushion the initial clutching inasmuch as they limit teeth 179 from entering too far between teeth 110 during the initial clutching action. As the long teeth 179 glance off the teeth 1105, the engine coasts down slightly more until the teeth 179 strike against the sides of teeth 110a and at this time the engine cannot coast down any more relative to gear 109. Any continued coast of the engine will simply serve as a brake on the car travel or in other words the engine cannot then slow down except as permitted by the car slowing down with it. During such further coast the drive friction from teeth 110 to teeth 179 will ordinarily prevent the full or secondary clutching movement of sleeve F as the force applied to shift sleeve F is ordinarily by preference not sufficient to overcome this friction but the next time the torque is reversed between sleeve F and gear 109, as when the engine is speeded up to take over the drive, then the sleeve will instantly shift fully rearwardly to the Fig. 17 position. As the torque changes from coast to drive, the teeth 179 cannot jump ahead beyond a short tooth 110 because of the impressed rearward force on sleeve F which will shift the sleeve the instant the sleeve teeth are unloaded and also because on coast, the teeth 179 will enter a slight distance between t a pair of teeth 110, 110a before further rearward movement of sleeve F is prevented by the coast friction between teeth 110 and blocker teeth 186. If, during the coast when blocker teeth 186 rst enter the spaces between teeth 181, 181, the teeth 179 strike the ends of teeth 110, then the sleeve will slide off these teeth 110, 'glance off teeth 1105', and engage the sides of the next teeth 110 for the initial clutching. The long teeth 179 will in any event insure clutching on coast between the sleeve F and` gear 109 at approximately a condition of synchronism between these parts.

From the foregoing it will be apparent that the long teeth 179 function as primary engaging teeth and the teeth 180, 181a function as sectionary engaging teeth in `that initial clutching is effected 'first of all by engagement of the primary teeth 179 with the longer teeth 110 of gear 109 followed by engagement of the pairs of secondary teeth 180, 181a with the teeth of this gear as in Fig. 17. Here again, for convenience of reference, teeth 110, 110a may be respectively designated `as long and short teeth to conveniently deine their difference in lengths radially in the direction of the driving shaft 83.

Now let us assume that the force applied rearwardly to sleeve F occurs at a time when the sleeve lags the blocker. This condition most commonly will occur when manual change speeds are manipulated in the transmission above certain car speeds, during which time, as will presently be apparent, the clutch C is disengaged and sleeve F is thereby unloaded. During such manual shifts, the engine slows down while the car continues to travel so that the sleeve will lag the blocker and a condition will arise that the sleeve is urged rearwardly While the blocker teeth and drive lugs are disposed as at 186' and 188 (Fig. 16) with respect to sleeve F. Under such conditions the teeth 181a will almost immediately engage teeth 186 and the sleeve will be blocked because the main clutch C will be engaged (provision being made such that sleeve F is not urged rearwardly until after clutch C is engaged from a position of release) and the low cam angle at 183 and 187 will not be sufficient to turn the blocker backwards against the thrust at friction surfaces 111, 185. This is t 10 an important relationship in insuring against attempted clutching of sleeve F with teeth 110, a at this nonsynchronized time and we have found that an angle of about 15 at 183 and 187 will block the sleeve at this time. (The main function of the cammed surfaces 183 and 187, when the cams are employed, will presently be apparent in conjunction with getting a dead engine started by towing the car.) Now, with the sleeve 181a blocked by the blocker teeth at positions 186 as when the engine is coasting, let us assume that the engine is speeded up. This will cause the sleeve to rotate ahead of the blocker until lugs 188 engage the following ends of slots 189 as in Fig. 16 and the sleeve will move rearwardly until the parts are positioned as in Fig. 16A with teeth 181 blocked by teeth 186. The function of the short teeth 181 relative to long teeth 181a will now be apparent because as the sleeve F moves ahead of the blocker, teeth 181a slide off the ends of teeth 186 but the blocker teeth do not have time to enter the spaces between teeth 181, 181a but instead, the blocker teeth jump these spaces and block teeth 181 which are made sufficiently shorter than teeth 181e to insure this action. When the parts assume the Fig. 16A positions, then on slowing down the engine the clutching of sleeve F will occur during the coast just as in the foregoing example of a typical clutching of the sleeve.

The automatic control for shifting sleeve F will now be described. This sleeve has a shifting groove 191 engaged by a shift yoke 192 which extends upwardly and outwardly (Figs. l2, 14 and 19) in the casing 89 and then rearwardly in the form of a bar 193 the end of which is bent inwardly at shoulder 194 to slidably receive a shift rod 195. This rod extends longitudinally of the transmission and is guided for reciprocation in the casing brackets 196, 197. The rod also slidably projects through yoke 192. Between shoulder 194 and yoke 192 the rod 195 is grooved at 198 to receive an abutment snap ring 199, a compression spring 200 acting between this ring and the yoke shoulder 194. A stronger spring 201 acts between the fixed bracket 196 and a second abutment ring 292 fixed to rod 195 rearwardly adjacent the yoke shoulder 194 and serving to yieldingly thrust the rod together with theyoke and sleeve F forwardly to the Fig. 9 position. Rearward movement of rod 195 is limited by an abutment 203 engaging bracket 197, the rod being capable of rearward movement in advance of rearward shift of sleeve F.

Rearward shift of rod 195 is effected by power applying means preferably in the form of a pressure fluid motor J (Fig. 12) comprising a cylinder 204 slidably receiving a piston 205 engaged by the forward end of rod 195. A cylinder head 206 limits forward movement of the piston and rod under the action of spring 201. Pressure fluid, preferably oil, is admitted to the cylinder between head 206 and piston 205 through the communicating delivery passages 207, 208.

The passage 207 Vextends transversely across the transmission while passage 208 extends downwardly and then rearwardly through a horizontal branch passage 209 (Figs. 14, 20 and 27). The latter passage then branches laterally outwardly at 210 to register with a delivery passage 211 of the valve casing 212 secured to the side of the transmission `casing by fasteners 213. The casing 212 houses the valving means generally designated as K.

The oil pressure is developed by a pumping means comprising a pump L (Figs. 19, 2l) having an inner driving member 214 and an outer driven member 215 dening` intake and delivery chambers 216, 217 respectively. The driving member 214 is secured to a shaft 218 rotatable in a stationary pump housing 219 closed by a cover 220 at its outer end and supported by a casing bracket 221 at its inner end. The inner end of shaft 218 carries a gear 222 meshing with a pump drive gear 223 of the countershaft 97.

The intake chamber 216 receives a constant supply of oil by an inlet passage 224 which opens to the oil reser- 'voir or Asump 225 along the bottom'of the transmission casing 89. The oil under pressure is delivered from the pump and chamber 217 forwardly through the branched delivery passages 226, 227. The passage 226 communicates with the upper end of a cylinder 228 above a main pressure relief valve 229 urged upwardly by a spring 230 so that when the pump is not delivering oil under pressure the valve stem 231 engages a head 232 as in Figs. 2l and 22.

A second cylinder 233 is formed in casing 212 forwardly of cylinder 228 and communicates therewith by a passage 234. Slidable in cylinder 233 is a valve for controlling oil delivery to motor J and in order to cornpensate for minor misalignment of the parts this valve is preferably made in two separate pieces 235, 236 although they move together as a unit valve part and could be formed as one piece. Prior to oil delivery (Fig. 2l) a spring 237 urges valve part 236 upwardly so that the stem 238 thereof in turn urges valve part 235 upwardly until its stem 239 engages the armature plunger 240 of a solenoid M. In this position of the parts, the chamber 241 of valve part 235 registers with passage 234 so that when oil is delivered by passage 226 into cylinder 228, then valve 229 lowers (Fig. 25) to uncover passage 234 and the oil is delivered through this passage and into valve chamber 241. From this valve chamber the oil ows through the aforesaid passage branch 211 for supply through passages 210, 209, 208 and 207 to motor J for forcing piston 205 and rod 195 rearwardly.

When valve 229 lowers by oil supply from delivery passage 226 (Fig. 25 spring 230 ensures the proper oil pressure delivery through passage 211 for operating motor I, the excess pressure forcing valve 229 down to uncover apassage 242 which leads inwardly (Fig. 26) to the top of a cylinder 243 which has the lubricant control valve 244. This valve thereupon lowers against a spring 245 so that the excess oil from passage 242 ows from cylinder 243 at the drain outlet 246 which leads back to the sump 225. A portion of the oil delivered to cylinder 243 flows under pressure determined by spring 245 through an outlet 247 which extends rearwardly (Fig. 20) to supply lubricant to the working parts of the transmission. When the oil pressure is relieved above Valve 244 (Fig. 22) the spring 245 seats the Valve stem upwardly at the top of cylinder 243 at which time the valve chamber 249 registers with drain outlet 246 and isolates this outlet from passage 242 so that the lubricating line 247 is filled and placed under pressure before drainage starts.

ently to be described.

The kickdown position of the valving K is represented in Figs. 23 and 24 wherein the solenoid M has been energized by closing switch 77 as aforesaid. When the solenoid is energized, the armature plunger 240 is forced downward moving the valve parts 235, 236 to the Fig. 23 position against the restoring action of spring 237. This relieves the oil pressure at the motor I by opening the Vsupply passage 210 to a drain outlet 252 at the top portion of cylinder 233. At the same time the valve passage 251 is moved down out of registration with the delivery passage 227 at cylinder inlet 250, the oil flowing from the latter upwardly in cylinder 233 and then into cylinder 228 through-a transfer passage 253. The oil then ows upwardly in cylinder 228 and with valve 229 fully raised by spring 230, the bottom of this valve exposes lthe passage 242 whence the oil ows into cylinder 243 and to the lubricating supply line 247. Therefore this Vline 247 is supplied with oil under pressure from pump L (when the latter is operating)v regardless of whether the solenoid is energized (valve parts 235, 236 raised as in Fig. 25) or de-energized (valve parts 235, 236 lowered as in Fig. 23).

Any oil accumulating in the bottom portion of cylinder 243 is drained back to the sump through a vent passage 254 which has restricted communication with drain passage 255 of cylinder 228. This restricted communication insures an adequate supply of pressure uid from transfer passage 253 to the lubricating line 247 when the parts are positioned as in Figs. 23 and 24 while providing drainage for the lower end of cylinder 228. Cylinder 233 is drained, below valve part 236, by a drain outlet 256.

The lubricating line 247 (Figs. 20 and 28) extends to the rear of the transmission whence the oil is conducted upwardly and inwardly through casing passage 257 and the registered passage 258 of the xed support 259 for the driven shaft bearing 260 (Fig. 9). The oil is then delivered to an annular groove 261 in the bearing retainer 262 whence the oil ows inwardly through registering radial passages 263, 264 and 265 respectively formed in retainer 262, bushing 266 and driven shaft 93. This shaft has an axial chamber 267 closed at its rear end by plug 268 and extended forwardly by the reduced passages 269, 270 which conduct oil outwardly at 271 and at the forward end of the shaft 93 for lubricating the various bearings for the gears and other working parts of the transmission.

Whenever the car is being driven, the countershaft 97 is drivingly connected with the driven shaft 93 and this relationship is conveniently utilized for controlling the automatic operation of sleeve F as a function of car speed in the following manner. It is desired to note in passing that the governor control about to be described may, if

desired, be omitted although it is included by preference in order to improve the functional operating characteristics of the transmission D.

Referring to Figs. 19 and 29 the pump drive gear 223 drives a gear 272 having a shaft portion 273 which operates a governor switch N of any suitable type. In Fig. 29 the shaft 273 has a head 274 which carries a pair of weights 275 eccentrically mounted by pins 276. The weights are connected by a flexible flat metal member 277 which is normally bowed upwardly (when shaft 273 is rotating below a predetermined speed) to spring the electrical contact 278 into engagement with tixed contact 279 which is grounded at 280. Thus when the car is standing still or when shaft 273 is rotating below a predetermined critical speed, the wire 281 for contact 278 is grounded through engagement of the switch parts 278, 279. When shaft 273 exceeds its critical speed, which may be varied as desired by the arrangement of weights 275 and spring 277, the weights 275 rotate about pins 276 suiciently to flex the spring 277 downwardly whereupon contact 278 exes down enough to open the switch by moving out of contact with switch piece 279.

The wire 281 has the branch conducting wires 282, 283. The wire 283 contacts a dash mounted switch284, the circuit continuing from this switch through wire 285 to a relay. This switch 284 is normally closed and is preferably used only in emergencies so that the engine may be started by towing the car without encountering a free Wheeling condition as will presently be apparent. Other functional advantages of the dash switch 284 will be hereinafter referred to, especially in connection with Fig. 42. The switch 284 may be opened to break the current through wires 283, 285 by driver operation thereof. j

The wire 281 then continues at 281a to the kickdown switch 77 which has its other terminal grounded at 286. The usual starter terminal 287 has a lead 287a to the ammeter 288 the circuit continuing by wire 288a to the usual ignition switch 289 and extends through primary 

